Enhancement of the thermal stability and mechanical properties of a PMMA/aluminum trihydroxide composite synthesized via bead milling |
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| Authors: | I Made Joni Takuya Nishiwaki Kikuo Okuyama Shuuji Isoi Ryotaro Kuribayashi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan;2. Methacrylate Division, Kurary Co. Ltd., 41, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0841, Japan;3. Methacrylate Division, Kurary Co. Ltd., OTE Center Building, 1-1-3, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8115, Japan;4. Department of Physics, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia;1. Key Laboratory of Advance Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China;2. Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan;1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8551, Japan;2. Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan;3. Research and Development Department, Stella Chemifa Corporation, 1-41 Rinkai-cho, Izumiotsu, Osaka 595-0075, Japan;2. LANXESS Deutschland GmbH, 50569 Köln, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The use of aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) fillers as non-halogen flame retardants for polymethylmethacrylates (PMMA) creates a conflict between the mechanical properties and heat resistance of the composites. Therefore, to ensure that the PMMA mechanical properties remain satisfactory, improvements in both the filler–polymer interactions and the ability to control the size and size distribution, morphology and dispersion of the fillers are required. Thus, in the present study, bead milling was used to control both the size distribution and dispersion of ATH fillers in MMA, which had an initial average size of 0.75 μm. The dispersion was obtained by alteration of the surface characteristics of ATH fillers using a silane-based dispersing agent, (3-acryloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS). Bead milling successfully comminuted the ATH particles and prevented the formation of ATH agglomerates. The smallest average size of the ATH particles after bead milling was 300 nm. Highly dispersed ATH filler particles were observed in the TEM images of the PMMA/ATH composites. The filler–polymer interaction, i.e. the interaction parameter (B), was calculated. The effects of volume fraction, particle size distribution, and surface modification of the fillers on the results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) are discussed. The thermal stability of the PMMA/ATH composites was also investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). |
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