激光选区熔化成形薄壁件研究进展

激光选区熔化是一种可以实现近净成形的数字化制造技术，能够制造传统工艺不能生产的复杂薄壁件，被认为是未来制造业的主导方向，应用前景广阔。综述了激光选区熔化成形薄壁件的研究现状，针对于激光选区熔化成形薄壁件成形质量较差、力学性能偏低等问题，重点介绍了工艺参数、热处理工艺以及壁厚等因素对激光选区熔化成形件微观组织、缺陷、成形质量及力学性能的影响，其中成形壁厚存在阈值，随着壁厚增加，薄壁孔隙先增加后减小，力学性能呈相反趋势。最后总结了薄壁件激光选区熔化成形存在的问题及未来的研究方向。

Research Progress in Thin-walled Parts Formed by Selective Laser Melting

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a digital manufacturing technology which can achieve near-net-shape forming. It can manufacture complex thin-walled parts that cannot be produced by traditional processes. It is considered to be the dominant direction of manufacturing in the future and of broad application prospects. This paper reviewed the research status of thin-walled parts formed by SLM. Aiming at poor forming quality and low mechanical properties of thin-walled parts formed by SLM, this review mainly introduced the effects of forming process parameters, heat treatment process and wall thickness on microstructure, defects, forming quality and mechanical properties of thin-walled parts. The forming wall thickness had a threshold value, with the increase of the wall thickness, the thin-walled pores increased first and then decreased, and the mechanical properties showed an opposite trend. Finally, main problems and future research directions for SLM of thin-walled parts were proposed.