2 种养殖模式条件下佛罗里达鳖不同部位营养成分的比较

对体质量600～700 g的仿生态养殖佛罗里达鳖和温室养殖佛罗里达鳖的腿部肌肉、裙边和脂肪组织的营养成分进行比较分析。结果表明：仿生态鳖腿部肌肉组织中的粗蛋白含量显著低于温室鳖，而裙边组织中的粗蛋白含量显著高于温室鳖（P＜0.05）；2 种鳖腿部肌肉组织中的粗脂肪含量均较低（＜0.5%），属于高蛋
白低脂肪食品。仿生态鳖腿部肌肉组织中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸酸总量及药效氨基酸总量都显著低于温室鳖（P＜0.05）。仿生态鳖裙边组织的鲜味氨基酸总量和药效氨基酸总量均显著高于温室鳖（P＜0.05）。仿生态鳖腿部肌肉组织中的脂肪酸总量和饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于温室鳖（P＜0.05）。仿生态鳖脂肪组织中单不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于温室鳖，但温室鳖的饱和脂肪酸总量、多不饱和脂肪酸总量和二十碳五烯酸＋二十二碳六烯酸＋二十二碳五烯酸总量显著高于仿生态鳖（P＜0.05）。2 种鳖腿部肌肉组织中的必需氨基酸指数、化学评分都接近或大于1，说明2 种养殖条件下生产的鳖营养比较均衡，均属于优质蛋白。

Comparison of Nutritional Composition of Different Tissues of Florida Soft-shell Turtle (Apalone ferox) Grown in Two Culture Conditions

The nutrients in muscle, skirt and fatty tissues from Florida soft-shell turtles, Apalone ferox with a body weight
of 600–700 g grown in greenhouse and imitative ecological farming conditions were determined. The results showed that
protein contents were significantly lower in muscle of the eco-farmed turtle but significantly higher in its skirt tissue than in
their respective counterparts in the greenhouse turtle (P < 0.05). Fat contents were low in leg muscles of both the eco-farmed
turtle and the greenhouse turtle, indicating that they are high protein and low fat foods. The contents of total amino acids
(TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), delicious amino acids (DAA) and pharmacodynamic amino acids (PAA) in muscle
of the eco-farmed turtle were lower than those in muscle of the green house turtle (P < 0.05). As for the skirt tissue, the
contents of DAA and PAA in the eco-farmed turtle were significantly higher than in the greenhouse turtle (P < 0.05). The
amounts of total fatty acids and total saturated fatty acids in muscle and the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids in fatty
tissue of the eco-farmed turtle were significantly higher than those of the greenhouse turtle (P < 0.05). The contents of total
fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexenoic acid + docosapentaenoic acid in fatty
tissue of the greenhouse turtle were significantly higher than those of the eco-farmed turtle (P < 0.05). The amino acid score
and chemical score in muscle of the two kinds of turtle were close to or greater than 1, indicating that their nutrients are
relatively balanced and both of them contain high quality proteins.