410L和430L泡沫钢性能的比较

以410L和430L不锈钢粉为基体，以CaCl₂为造孔剂，采用粉末冶金烧结溶解法制备出不同孔隙率的410L和430L泡沫钢并分析比较其组织和性能。结果表明：410L和430L泡沫钢的基体组织都是α-Fe；在相同的腐蚀条件下430L不锈钢的抗腐蚀性更强；在烧结过程中410L泡沫钢孔壁表面的氧化程度比430L泡沫钢严重；在准静态压缩变形过程中孔隙率为73%~83%的410L泡沫钢屈服应力为22.06~5.45 MPa，相同孔隙率的430L泡沫钢其屈服应力为56.77~10.44 MPa，430L泡沫钢的抗压强度是410L泡沫钢的2~3倍；应变量为50%时，孔隙率为73%~83%的410L泡沫钢单位体积的能量吸收值为6.12~2.90 MJ/m³。应变量为50%时，孔隙率为72%~83%的430L泡沫钢其单位体积的能量吸收值为40.35~8.25 MJ/m³。430L泡沫钢的单位体积能量吸收值约为410L泡沫钢的3~5倍。

Comparision of Structure and Performance for Foamed Stainless Steels 410L and 430L

Foamed stainless steels 410L and 430L with different porosity were made respectively with powders of the two steels as raw material and CaCl₂ as pore-forming agent via a two-step process i.e., powder metallurgy sintering and post dissolution. Then their microstructure and properties were comparatively assessed. The results show that the two foamed steels of 410L and 430L are composed of merely α-Fe phase. More serious oxidation can be observed on the walls of the as fresh made 410 steel foams rather than that of 430 SS steel foams. The 430L stainless steel foam presents higher corrosion resistance than the 410L stainless steel foam. The compression test results reveal that the yield stress of 410L steel foams with porosity of 73%~83% is in the range of 22.06~5.45 MPa, the yield stress of 430L steel foams with porosity of 72%~83% is in the range of 56.77~10.44 MPa, hence, the compressive strength of 430L steel foam is 2~3 times that of 410L steel foam. Besides, when the strain reaches 50%, 410L steel foams with porosity of 73%~83% have 6.12~2.90 MJ/m³ energy absorption value per unit volume, while the corresponding value for 430L steel foams with porosity of 72%~83% is 40.35~8.25 MJ/m³. Therefore, the energy absorption value per unit volume of 430L steel foams is about 3~5 times that of 410L steel foams.