6种野生鱼肌肉营养成分分析与评价

为探讨同一水域生长野生鱼的营养成分，采用生化分析方法对密云水库鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）、青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus）、翘嘴鲌（Erythroculter ilishaeformis）和鳊鱼（Parabramis pekinensis）肌肉的常规营养成分、矿物质、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行分析。结果表明，青鱼粗蛋白含量最高（21.25%），鲫鱼含量最低（17.70%）；翘嘴鲌粗脂肪含量最高（5.73%），鳊鱼含量最低（1.18%）。6种鱼富含矿物质K、Na、Ca、Mg、P及Fe、Mn、Zn、Se，为优质的高钾低钠膳食来源。人体必需氨基酸均占氨基酸总量的40.00%以上，鲜味氨基酸占37.53%~39.21%，谷氨酸含量均为最高。鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼、青鱼、翘嘴鲌和鳊鱼肌肉中分别检出22、17、20、22、24和19种脂肪酸，饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量差异较大。结果表明6种鱼均为优良的蛋白质来源，氨基酸组成合理，有益矿物质和脂肪酸丰富，营养价值高。

Analysis and Evaluation of the Nutritional Composition of Fish Muscle from Six Wild Fish Species

The conventional nutritional composition, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids in the muscles of Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Mylopharyngodon piceus, Erythroculter ilishaeformis, and Parabramis pekinensis from the Miyun Reservoir were analyzed using biochemical methods to explore the nutritional composition of wild fish grown in the same area. The results showed that M. piceus had the highest crude protein content (21.25%), whereas Carassius auratus had the lowest content (17.70%). Erythroculter ilishaeformis had the highest crude fat content (5.73%), whereas Parabramis pekinensis had the lowest content (1.18%). The six species of fish were rich in mineral elements, including K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se, thereby constituting high-potassium and low-sodium dietary sources. Essential amino acids for the human body accounted for more than 40% of the total amino acids in the fish, with umami amino acids accounting for 37.53%~39.21% and the glutamic acid content being the highest. There were 22, 17, 20, 22, 24, and 19 types of fatty acids detected in the muscles of Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, M. piceus, E. ilishaeformis, and P. pekinensis, respectively. The six fish species had different relative contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The findings indicated that all six species demonstrated optimal protein content, adequate amino acid composition, a rich abundance of beneficial minerals and fatty acids, and high nutritional value.