驴初乳与常乳乳脂球膜蛋白质组的对比分析

为阐明驴初乳与常乳中乳脂球膜蛋白的差异，利用蛋白质组学技术对二者进行蛋白质组差异分析。在驴初乳和驴常乳中分别鉴定到216 种和215 种乳脂球膜蛋白，并在其中筛选出40 种差异蛋白，包括15 种差异表达蛋白和25 种特异表达蛋白。将驴初乳与常乳中的差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析发现，差异蛋白主要参与的细胞组成为细胞外泌体、胞外囊泡、胞外细胞器等；主要参与的生物过程为对外部刺激的反应过程、细胞增殖过程、血管形态生成过程等；主要参与的分子功能为金属离子结合、阳离子结合、钙离子结合等。此外，这些差异蛋白主要参与补体和凝血级联，为生成IgA而形成的肠道免疫网络等代谢通路。利用蛋白质网络互作分析发现，差异蛋白中存在具有高连接度的关键乳脂球膜蛋白因子。本研究有助了解驴乳脂球膜蛋白的生物学特性，并为驴乳中乳脂球膜蛋白的营养学研究及相关配方乳粉的研发提供理论基础。

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteins between Donkey Colostrum and Mature Milk

To elucidate the differential milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins between donkey colostrum (DC) and mature milk (DM), a comparative analysis was performed using proteomics. A total of 216 and 215 MFGM proteins were characterized in DC and DM, respectively. Among them, 15 differentially expressed and 25 specifically expressed MFGM proteins were identified. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the significantly differentially expressed MFGM proteins were mainly involved in cellular components including extracellular exosome, extracellular vesicle, and extracellular organelle compartments, and participated in biological processes such as external stimuli, cell proliferation, and blood vessel morphogenesis, and molecular functions such as metal ion binding, cation binding, and calcium ion binding. Additionally, these significantly differentially expressed MFGM proteins were mainly involved in metabolic pathways such as the complement and coagulation cascades and intestinal immune network for IgA production. Furthermore, some key protein factors with high connectivity, as determined by protein network interaction analysis, were identified as differently expressed MFGM proteins. This study provides a better understanding of the biological properties of donkey MFGM proteins and paves the way for future research of MFGM protein nutrition and for the development of formula milk powder.