Use of an artificial stream to monitor avoidance behavior of larval sea lamprey in response to TFM and niclosamide |
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| Authors: | Nicholas Schloesser Mike Boogaard Todd Johnson Courtney Kirkeeng Justin Schueller Richard Erickson |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Central Michigan University, Department of Biology, Biosciences 2100, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, United States;2. Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States;3. Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Drinking Water and Environmental Health Division, 525 W. Allegan Street, Lansing, MI 48933, United States;4. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Oden State Fish Hatchery, 8258 S. Ayr Road, Alanson, MI 49706, United States;5. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Research Station, 96 Grant Street, Charlevoix, MI 49720, United States;6. The Nature Conservancy, 721 Flanner Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States;7. The Nature Conservancy, 101 E. César E. Chávez Avenue, Lansing, MI 48906, United States;1. Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1035 Kirby Drive, 207 Swenson Science Building, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;2. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA;3. US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Lake Superior Biological Station, 2800 Lake Shore East, Ashland, WI 54806, USA;4. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Ashland Fish and Wildlife Office, 2800 Lake Shore East, Ashland, WI 54806, USA;1. Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 3600 Green Court, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;2. Michigan State University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 288 Farm Lane, Rm 207, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;3. University of Michigan, School for Environment and Sustainability, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;4. Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, 1001 Woodward Avenue, Suite 1400, Detroit, MI 48226, USA;5. University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Geosciences, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;6. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;7. Texas State University, Department of Biology, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;8. The Nature Conservancy, 101 E. Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, Lansing, MI 48906, USA;1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 1101 Casey Road, Basom, NY 14013, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126, United States;3. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Lake Ontario Unit, 541 Broadway St., Cape Vincent, NY 13618, United States;4. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, Ontario, Canada;5. Cornell University, Cornell Biological Field Station at Shackleton Point, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030, United States;1. Rubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA;2. Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, Essex Junction, VT, USA;3. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Essex Junction, VT, USA;4. SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, USA;1. Environmental Research Center, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Oswego, NY 13126, United States;3. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada;4. Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13126, United States;5. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Panama City, FL 32405, United States |
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| Abstract: | The lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) has been used in liquid form to control larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Great Lakes tributaries since the late 1950s. In the 1980s a dissolvable TFM bar was developed as a supplemental tool for application to small tributaries as a deterrent to larvae seeking water not activated with TFM. The size, mass, and number of bars needed in some streams, as well as the location of the streams, limit the utility of a TFM bar. The development and use of an alternative niclosamide bar has the potential to use fewer bars to achieve similar results. However, the use of a niclosamide bar is dependent upon its larval deterrent capability compared to the TFM bar. In this study, we developed a laboratory-scale, simulated stream fluvarium with several avoidance areas including two side channels and a seep. The objective was to evaluate the deterrent capabilities of TFM and niclosamide. We found similar behavioral responses, with TFM and niclosamide having similar capabilities to prevent sea lamprey from seeking refuge in side channels and seep avoidance areas. TFM-treated side channels and seep increased sea lamprey occupancy in the main channel 2.56 times more than the untreated-controls (95% CI 1.63–4.14) whereas niclosamide-treated side channels and seep increased sea lamprey occupancy of the main channel 2.68 times more than the untreated-controls (95% CI 1.72–4.32). These responses indicate a niclosamide bar would effectively prevent sea lamprey escapement into freshwater during a lampricide treatment at concentrations unlikely to harm aquatic organisms. |
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| Keywords: | Sea lamprey Avoidance Deterrent TFM Niclosamide |
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