成型工艺对2,4-二硝基苯甲醚基熔铸炸药装药质量的影响

为了提高2,4-二硝基苯甲醚（DNAN）基熔铸炸药的装药质量，采用压力浇铸与真空浇铸成型工艺，研究其对DNAN基熔铸炸药温度场、缩孔疏松、相对密度及抗拉强度的影响规律。结果表明：压力浇铸使DNAN基熔铸炸药凝固时间缩短，药柱内部缩孔疏松及气孔减少；当成型压力达到0.8 MPa时，DNAN/奥克托今（HMX）炸药相对密度和抗拉强度分别提高了6.4%、9.9%，药柱无裂纹；DNAN/黑索今（RDX）炸药的相对密度提高了2.7%，但抗拉强度降低了40.8%，同时药柱存在裂纹。真空浇铸对DNAN基熔铸炸药凝固过程温度场无影响，使药柱内部缩孔疏松及气孔减少；当真空度达到0.08 MPa时，DNAN/RDX炸药的相对密度及抗拉强度分别提高了2.0%、14.3%，药柱无裂纹。因此，为了获得高质量的熔铸炸药，DNAN/HMX炸药可采用压力浇铸；DNAN/RDX炸药可采用真空浇铸。

Effect of Forming Process on Casting Quality of 24-Dinitroanisole-based Casting Explosive

Pressure casting and vacuum casting are used to improve the charge quality of DNAN-based melt-cast explosives, and the influences of casting precess on the temperature field, shrinkage porosity, relative density and tensile strength of DNAN-based melt-cast explosive are investigated. The results show that pressure casting can shorten the solidification time of DNAN-based melt-cast explosive and reduce its shrinkage cavity and porosity. When the molding pressure reaches 0.8 MPa, the relative density and tensile strength of DNAN/HMX explosives are increased by 6.4% and 9.9%, respectively, and no cracks are found in the grain. As for DNAN/RDX explosives, the relative density can be increased by 2.7%, and the tensile strength can be reduced by 40.8%, but the cracks exist in the grain. Although vacuum casting has no effect on the temperature field in solidification process, it can reduce the shrinkage cavity and porosity. When the vacuum degree reaches 0.08 MPa, the relative density and tensile strength of DNAN/RDX explosives are increased by 2.0% and 14.3%, respectively, and no cracks are found in the grain. Therefore, pressure casting and vacuum casting can be used respectively to improve the charge quality of DNAN/HM explosives and DNAN/RDX explosives.