2018年河南省市售婴幼儿谷类辅助食品微生物污染状况调查

目的 了解河南省市售婴幼儿谷类辅助食品卫生状况,为食品安全风险评估及标准制定提供基础数据。方法 参照《2018年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》提供方法进行采样和检测,在河南省共采集婴幼儿谷类辅助食品103份,对其进行肠杆菌科、蜡样芽胞杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和克罗诺杆菌属污染状况检测,对检测中可疑菌落采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱进行鉴定。结果 103份样品中肠杆菌科和克罗诺杆菌属检出率分别为0.97%(1/103)和5.83%(6/103),均在婴幼儿即食谷物辅助食品中检出,产地集中在江西省和福建省,采样地点类型均为便利店/零售店,6份克罗诺杆菌属阳性样品中有5份样品标识为≥辅食添加初期。9份样品蜡样芽胞杆菌定量结果在10～10³ CFU/g范围,检出率为8.74%(9/103),样品产地包括广东省、江西省、福建省、黑龙江省和四川省,采样地点类型均为超市和便利店/零售店,其中有8份是婴幼儿即食谷物辅助食品。结论 河南省市售婴幼儿谷类辅助食品尤其是婴幼儿即食谷物辅助食品受到克罗诺杆菌属和蜡样芽胞杆菌污染,且这些阳性产品中大多数标识的适用年龄为≥辅食添加初期,由此带来的食品安全风险较大,建议婴幼儿即食谷物辅助食品添加克罗诺杆菌属和蜡样芽胞杆菌微生物限量,降低由此带来的食品安全隐患。

Investigation on microbial contamination of cereal-based complementary foods for infants and young children in Henan in 2018

Objective To understand the hygienic status of cereal-based complementary foods (CBCFs) for infants and young children (IYC) in Henan Province and therefore provide basic data for food safety risk assessment and standard formulation. Methods Sampling and testing were performed according to the method provided in the work manual of 2018 national food pollutants and hazardous factors risk monitoring. 103 samples of CBCF for infants and young children IYC were collected in Henan Province, and then the contamination of Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Cronobacter were detected, respectively. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the suspicious colonies. Results The detection rates of Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter in 103 samples were 0.97%(1/103) and 5.83%(6/103), respectively. They were all detected in ready-to-eat CBCFs for IYC from convenience stores/retail stores, mainly produced in Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces. Five of the six Cronobacter positive samples were labeled before the initial stage of supplementary food addition. The quantitative result of Bacillus cereus in the range of 10-10³ CFU/g were obtained in 9 samples, with a detection rate of 8.74%(9/103), which were produced from Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Heilongjiang and Sichuan Provinces. The sampling sites were supermarkets and convenience stores/retail stores, of which 8 were ready-to-eat CBCFs for IYC. Conclusion The CBCFs for IYC sold in Henan Province, especially the ready-to-eat CBCFs for IYC, were contaminated by Cronobacter and Bacillus cereus. Most of these positive products targeted the population at the beginning of the supplementary foods, which might result in greater food safety risks. It was suggested that the microbial requirements of Cronobacter and Bacillus cereus should be added to the ready-to-eat CBCFs for IYC, which could reduce the potential food safety problems.