基于矢量水听器阵的恒定束宽波束形成器的原理与设计

摘要：在对水下目标进行探测识别的应用中，一般要求声纳系统具备在较宽频带内形成恒定束宽波束的能力：过去对声纳恒定束宽波束形成器的研究一直针对声压水听器阵，近来随着对矢量水听器认识的深入，开展基于矢量水听器阵的恒定束宽波束形成器研究越发变得必要。本文正是体现了作者在这一方面的阶段性研究成果。文中首先介绍了单个矢量水听器的指向特性，接着提出了矢量水听器阵宽带恒定束宽波束形成器的实现原理和设汁方法，并以均匀等间距线阵为例，给出了获得实现恒定束宽算法所需频域加权矩阵的步骤，之后又进一步给出了恒定束宽算法的频域实现流程，并通过计算机仿真验证了其有效性：

Beamformer with frequency invariant beam pattern using vector hydrophone arrays and its design

Sonar system must contain a beamformer with frequency invariant beam pattern when it is used to explore and identify underwater objects. Previous studies on frequency invariant beamformers(FIB) only consider pressure hydrophone arrays. In further research on vector hydrophones, it is necessary to investigate FIBs based on vector hydrophone arrays. This paper introduces beam pattern characteristics of a single vector hydrophone and proposes an implementation scheme and design method for vector hydrophone arrays with a frequency invariant beam pattern, and describes a procedure for obtaining the frequency-domain weighting matrix using a linear array consisting of equally spaced sensors. Furthermore, a frequency domain implementation of the algorithm is proposed, and its validity verified through computer simulation.