固定床雷尼金属催化剂研究进展

雷尼金属催化剂具有价格低廉、工艺可控性强、技术成熟等优势，广泛用于各种有机合成加氢反应。但是雷尼型粉末催化剂存在容易粉化流失而活性降低、反应完毕后需要过滤分离催化剂等固有的缺点，仅能应用于小批量生产。固定床雷尼金属催化剂在工业装置上的应用进展较快，但现有文献散见于专利技术和新闻报道。本文介绍了固定床雷尼金属催化剂国内外的应用进展，总结了固定床雷尼金属催化剂的制备方法，主要有块状雷尼金属破碎、雷尼合金粉成型和热喷射镀层方法。分析了各种固定床雷尼金属催化剂制备方法的特点和创新点，指出国内外固定床雷尼金属催化剂已经取得一定进展，正在逐渐取代基于传统釜式工艺的粉末雷尼镍催化剂。

Advance in fixed-bed Raney metal catalysts

Raney metal catalysts are widely used in hydrogenation reactions of organic synthesis due to the advantages of low price, controllable process, and mature technology. However, the Raney type catalyst is only used in small scale production due to the catalyst pulverization, loss of activity and the need of filtration and separation after reaction. Recently, the fixed-bed Raney metal catalyst gets more and more applications in industrial unit. However, the existing reports on the subject are rather scattered in patents and news. This paper introduces the technology development of fixed-bed Raney metal catalyst briefly, and summarizes the catalyst preparation methods including bulk Raney metal breaking and sieving, powdered Raney metal shaping, and monolith thermal spray-coating together with the analysis of their features and innovative points. It points out that certain technology progress of the fixed-bed Raney metal catalyst has been made, and it is gradually replacing the powdered Raney metal catalyst based on the autoclave-type process.