Non-surgical prevention of uterine cancer

Non surgical prevention of uterine cervical cancer relies on regular performance of Pap smears and colposcopy. Screening for cervical dysplasia allows their treatment by laser vaporisation or cone biopsy, according to their grade, and therefore the prevention of invasive carcinoma. Unfortunately, 40% of the female population does not comply to cervical screening and Pap smears entail 20% false negative results. Prevention of endometrial carcinoma is even far more difficult in that endometrial smears are seldom practised. Periodic surveillance of women receiving oestrogenic hormonal therapy, addition of progesterone in order to eventually protect the endometrium, hysteroscopic detection of irregular endometrial hyperplasia, represent the only tools available today.