碳四烷烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进展

论述了碳四烷烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的催化剂体系、影响因素及催化裂解方式。该催化剂体系包括硅铝酸盐及锆硫酸盐,氧化铝与碱金属或碱土金属的混合物,负载型催化剂等3种类型。其中分子筛(晶体硅铝酸盐)及其改性催化剂是研究开发的主要方向。除操作条件外,稀释剂、引发和抑制剂和裂解反应方式对催化裂解反应均有影响。催化裂解反应机理与催化剂的种类和反应条件相关。对于酸性分子筛催化剂有2种比较公认的机理:正碳离子机理,自由基与正碳离子机理两种形式。研究表明碳四烷烃,特别是正丁烷催化裂解制低碳烯烃具有良好的低碳烯烃收率,收率可达50%以上。

Advances in catalytic cracking butane for production of light olefins

The catalyst systems,affecting factors and cracking ways of catalytic cracking butane for the production of light olefins are reviewed.The catalyst systems include aluminosilicate and sulfated zirconia,alumina mixed with alkali or alkali-earth metals and loaded catalysts.Molecule sieves (aluminosilicate) and their reformed molecule sieves are the mainly investigating directions.Besides operating parameters,the factors affecting catalytic cracking consist of diluent,inhibitor and initiating agent and cracking ways.The reaction mechanisms are in relevance with the species of catalysts and reaction conditions.For acidic molecule sieves,there are two well-acknowledged explanations,carbenium ion and carbonaceous-free radical mechanisms.The study has shown that the catalytic cracking butane,especially n-butane,for the production of light olefins bears satisfying yield,which could reach more than 50%.