新型超级电容器电极材料

超级电容器以其高功率、长周期使用寿命、环保等独特性能受到人们的广泛关注。决定超级电容器电荷存储的最关键因素是电极材料的特性。首先简要介绍了电容器的电荷储存机理。其次详细介绍了金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)、共价有机骨架材料(COFs)、二维过渡金属碳(氮)化物(MXenes)、金属氮化物(MN)、黑磷(BP)和有机分子电极材料等有望获得高能量密度和功率密度的新兴电极材料,以及最新制作的对称/非对称超级电容器的能量、电容、功率、循环性能和倍率性等参数。研究表明,COFs有望成为新一代廉价、绿色、可持续、多功能的储能装置的有机电极候选材料,其电化学性能仍有很大的提高空间。重点介绍了MOFs、COFs、MN、BP及近年来新型有机电极材料在超级电容器中的应用。最后,对超级电容器未来的发展和关键技术的挑战进行了展望。

New electrode material for supercapacitor

Supercapacitors have attracted extensive attention due to their unique features like high power,long cycle life and environment-friendly nature.The most critical factor determining the charge storage of a supercapacitor is the characteristics of the electrode material.Firstly,the mechanism of charge storage in capacitors was introduced.Secondly,several new electrode materials which were expected to obtain high energy density and power density,such as the metal organic frameworks(MOFs),covalent organic frameworks(COFs),MXenes,metal nitrides(MN)and black phosphorus(BP)were introduced in detail.And introduced other emerging electrode materials that were expected to obtain high energy density and power density,as well as the parameters of energy,capacitance,power,cycle performance and rateability of the newly produced symmetric/asymmetric supercapacitors.Study have shown that the covalent organic skeleton electrode materials were expected to become a new generation of cheap,green,feasible,and versatile energy storage devices,and its electrochemical performance still had great room for improvement.The application of MOFs,COFs,MN,BP and new organic electrode materials in supercapacitors in recent years was mainly introduced.Finally,the future development of supercapacitors and the challenges of key technologies were prospected.