南方地区水稻节水灌溉的综合效应研究进展

水稻节水灌溉技术的应用对于提高水肥利用效率、减少面源污染和温室气体排放、维持生物多样性和保障粮食安全具有重要意义。近年来,水稻节水灌溉的生态环境效应日益凸显,并逐渐受到重视。阐述了南方地区水稻节水灌溉模式的应用现状,分析了主要节水灌溉模式的特点及其节水、经济、环境、生态效应,指出在田间节水灌溉的综合效应、节水灌溉对温室气体排放的综合影响机理、对杂草和动物多样性调控机制的研究和节水灌溉模式的多准则评价方面的不足,从开展节水灌溉与节水、增产、环境、生态之间的互馈机制、节水灌溉条件下温室气体排放的协同和微生物驱动机制、水管理措施下稻田杂草群落之间的竞争和群落调控机制的研究以及利用考虑多重效应的综合评价指标体系进行灌溉模式优选等方面提出下一步的研究方向。

Research progress in comprehensive effects of rice field water-saving irrigation in southern China

The application of water-saving irrigation in rice field is of great significance to improving water and fertilizer use efficiencies, alleviating non-point source pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, thus maintaining the biodiversity and the security of national food supply. Recently, the environmental and ecological effects of rice water-saving irrigation become more and more eminent, drawing more attention. This paper expounds the application status of rice water-saving irrigation modes, analyzes the characteristics of the main rice water-saving irrigation modes and their effects of water saving, cost efficiency and environmental and ecological benefits. In addition, we also point out some drawbacks on the aspects of comprehensive efficiency of rice water-saving irrigation, comprehensive influencing mechanism of water-saving irrigation on greenhouse gas emissions, regulation mechanisms of water-saving irrigation on weed and arthropod diversity and multi-criteria evaluation of rice water-saving irrigation modes. Besides, we put forward some future study topics, including mutual benefit mechanism between water-saving irrigation and water saving, yield growth, environment and ecology, as well as the synergistic and microbe-driven mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions under water-saving irrigation, the complete and regulation mechanisms of weed community in paddy fields and the optimization of rice water-saving irrigation modes by constructing the comprehensive evaluation index system.