社区公园空间与老年人户外活动特征 关联研究

社区公园是老年人户外活动的主要场所。研究社区公园空间与老年人户外活动行为的关系，对于满足老年人活动需求、应对人口老龄化问题具有重要意义。以南京市郑和公园为研究对象，在实地测绘的基础上，定义公园空间的类型，并分析各类空间的构成特征。选取公园中5个样本空间进行观测，从时间和空间2个维度分析老年人公园活动的行为特征。针对占公园活动人数绝大多数的8种活动，运用数据分析和Arc GIS技术对行为与空间的关联性进行分析，结合访谈和Nvivo质性分析发现，空间的尺度、围合性与开敞性、是否受干扰、景观质量、庇护性是老年人活动空间选择的主要动因；座椅、遮阴要素、大面积铺装、照明设施、置物设施等则是老年人需要的空间要素。

Research on the Relationship between Community Park Space and Characteristics of Outdoor Activities of the Elderly

Community park is the main place for the elderly'' outdoor activities. Studying the relationship between community park space and the elderly'' activities is of great significance for meeting the elderly'' activities needs and dealing with the aging problem. Taking Zhenghe Park in Nanjing as the research object, this paper defines the types of park space and analyzes the characteristics of various types of spatial composition based on field survey. Selecting 5 sample spaces to observe, this paper analyzes the behavioral characteristics of the elderly'' activities in park from the two dimensions of time and space. The paper also analyzes the relationship between the 8 activities occupying the overwhelming majority in park activities and space through data analysis and ArcGIS technology. Supplemented with interviews and NVivo qualitative analysis, it is found that spatial scale, enclosure and openness, interference, landscape quality and shelter are the main motivation of the elderly''s space choice, and seats, shading elements, large-area pavement, lighting and storage facilities are the main spatial elements needed by the elderly.