采取有效技术对策降低汽车排放污染

汽车排放已成为大气污染的主要来源。一氧化碳、烃类和氮氧化物是三种主要排放有害物质。北京市有１４０万辆汽车，每年排出氮氧化物１４７ｋｔ。降低汽车排放污染需从改进汽车发动机系统、安装尾气三效转化器和提高汽油质量三方面采取措施。提高汽油质量，包括汽油无铅化，降低芳烃、烯烃和硫含量，降低蒸气压和９０％馏出温度，添加含氧化合物和清净分散剂可有效地控制汽车排放污染。为满足汽油新的质量要求，炼油厂需采取一整套技术进行技术改造。展望２１世纪，清洁的石油液体燃料仍将有竞争力，压缩天然气等替代燃料将有发展，燃料电池作为汽车动力将引人注目。

ADOPTING EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL MEASURES FOR REDUCING POLLUTION FROM ATOMOTIVE EMISSION

Pollutants emitted by motor vehicles become the major source of air pollution. The carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen are the three main pollutants. There are 1.4 million vehicles driving in Beijing, which emit 147 Kt of oxides of nitrogen per year. For reducing automotive emission, technologies including improvement of the engine system of automobiles, installation of the threeway converter and upgrading the gasoline quality should be adopted. Upgrading the gasoline quality, such as using unleaded gasoline, reducing the contents of benzene, aromatics, olefins and sulfur, lowering RVP and 90% point distillation, and adding oxygenates and cleaning dispersant additive, will successfully control the pollution from automotive emission. A series of technologies for technical innovation should be taken in refineries to meet the new gasoline specification. For the prospects in the next century, clean petroleum liquid fuels will still be competent, the substitute fuel CNG will be developed and it is notable that the fuel cell will be used as the power for automobiles.