非典型叶轮数控5轴技术的研究

由于非典型叶轮结构复杂,无法使用主流CAD/CAM软件提供的叶轮5轴模块,在粗加工阶段采用3轴定向加工时,残余毛坯留量体积大形状不规则,严重影响了5轴加工的效率和质量。为此,一方面对于叶轮开式区域采用双圆柱面投影法获得驱动曲面,从而实现4轴联动粗加工,切削刚性大效率高;对于非开式区域则通过构建驱动曲面获得5轴联动刀轨,刀轨连续且刀轴矢量无突变。另一方面,提出了一种基于NC程序的刀轴矢量评价方法,可快速直观地评价5轴编程质量。实际使用结果表明:基于驱动曲面的刀轴矢量优化法能够显著提高复杂工件5轴加工的效率和质量。

Study on NC five-axis technology of atypical impeller

Because the structure of atypical impeller is complex,so it is impossible to use the five-axis impeller module provided by mainstream CAD/CAM software. When three-axis fixed-directional machining is used in roughing stage,the volume and shape of the residual blank are large and irregular,which seriously affects the efficiency and quality of five-axis machining. In this paper,on the one hand,double cylindrical projection method is used to obtain the driving surface in the open area of impeller,so as to realize 4-axis simultaneous roughing,which has high cutting rigidity and efficiency;on the other hand,in the non-open area,the fiveaxis simultaneous tool path is obtained by constructing the driving surface,and the tool path is continuous and the tool axis vector has no sudden change. On the other hand,a tool axis vector evaluation method based on NC program is proposed,which can quickly and intuitively evaluate five-axis machining programming. The practical application results show that the tool axis vector optimization method based on driving surface can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of five-axis machining of complex parts.