基于网络爬虫和IDF曲线的郑州城区致灾降水特征研究

近年来,极端降水引发的城市内涝问题日益突出,对城市灾害性降水特征研究愈发重要。以郑州城区13个雨量站2011~2018年的降水摘录数据为基础,基于网络爬虫技术获取降雨场次同步的微博新闻报道信息,以敏感词为依据确定致灾降水的发生时间,利用GIS软件从水文过程演化角度对城市易涝点进行分析;结合郑州市暴雨强度公式,绘制郑州市不同重现期下的标准IDF曲线,与已判定致灾的34场降水强度-历时曲线对比,定量描述本地致灾降水特征。结果表明,郑州市致灾降水可分为雨强致灾和雨量致灾两种,主要致灾标准为峰值降雨20min内雨量达到25mm及以上,以及场次降水60min内雨量达到40mm及以上。

Research on the Characteristics of Disaster-induced Precipitation in Zhengzhou City Based on Web Crawler and IDF Curve

In recent years,the urban waterlogging caused by extreme precipitation has become more and more serious,and the study on the characteristics of disastrous urban precipitation has become more and more important.Based on the precipitation excerpt data of 13 rainfall stations in the urban area of Zhengzhou City from 2011 to 2018,web crawlers were used to obtain the microblog news information of synchronized rainfall events,the occurrence time of disaster-induced precipitation was determined based on sensitive words,and GIS software was used to analyze urban waterlogging points from the perspective of hydrological process evolution.Combined with Zhengzhou rainstorm intensity formula,the standard IDF(Intensity-Duration-Frequency)curves of Zhengzhou City under different recurrence periods were drawn,and compared with the 34 disaster-causing rainfall intensity-duration curves,it quantitatively described the characteristics of local disaster-causing precipitation.The results show that the disaster-induced precipitation in Zhengzhou can be divided into two types:disaster caused by rainfall intensity and rainfall.The main disaster-causing standards are the peak rainfall reaching 25 mm or more within 20 minutes,and the rainfall within 60 minutes of the precipitation reaching 40 mm or more.