基于聚合物载体的益生菌递送系统：载体类型、性能评价及新技术应用

益生菌赋予宿主多种健康益处，并可用于防治胃肠道和非胃肠道疾病，例如腹泻、结肠癌、肥胖症、神经系统疾病、糖尿病和炎症等。然而益生菌在生产加工，储存和消化过程中受各种环境因子作用进而影响其活菌存活率。如何最大限度的保持益生菌的活力和稳定性成为当前益生菌的研究热点之一。具有生物相容性和可降解性的聚合物可作为益生菌的给药载体，能有效增强益生菌活性、延长储存时间、减少益生菌在胃部的损失，甚至实现结肠和粘膜的靶向递送。该研究综述了当前封装益生菌聚合物载体的类型以及益生菌递送系统的评价方式，并探讨了制备益生菌递送系统的新技术。结果表明有机结合递送系统新技术和多样化评估手段，建立具有稳定性、功能性、安全性、有效性以及靶向能力的益生菌递送系统，可实现对益生菌的高效递送，将进一步促进多功能益生菌在食品或药物领域的应用。

Polymer-based Delivery Systems for Probiotics: Carrier Type, Performance Evaluation and Application of New Technologies

Probiotics confer a variety of health benefits on the host, and can be used to prevent and treat gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases, such as diarrhea, colon cancer, obesity, neurological diseases, diabetes, and inflammation. However, the survival rates of probiotics are affected by various environmental factors in the process of production, processing, storage and digestion. How to maintain the vitality and stability of probiotics to the maximum extent has become one of the current probiotic research hotspots. Biocompatible and degradable polymers can be used as delivery carriers for probiotics, which can effectively enhance the activities of probiotics, prolong storage time, reduce the loss of probiotics in the stomach, and even achieve targeted delivery to the colon and mucosa. This article reviews the types of current polymer carriers for probiotics encapsulation, and the evaluation methods for probiotic delivery systems. New techniques for preparing probiotic delivery systems are also discussed. The results show that combining properly the new delivery system technologies with diversified evaluation methods allows the establishment of probiotic delivery systems with high stability, functionality, safety, effectiveness, and targeting capability. These new delivery systems can achieve efficient delivery of probiotics, which will further promote the application of multifunctional probiotics in food or pharmaceutical fields.