Critical flow rate of anode fuel exhaust in a PEM fuel cell system |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China;2. International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China;3. Clean Energy Research Institute, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA;1. State Key Lab of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081, PR China;1. Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea;2. Fuel Cell Vehicle Team 2, Eco-Technology Center, Hyundai-Kia Motors, Gyeonggi 446-912, Republic of Korea;1. Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA |
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| Abstract: | A manual purge line was added into the exterior fuel exhaust stream of a Ballard PEM stack in a Nexa? power module. With the addition of manual exhaust purge, high levels of inert gases were intentionally added to the anode feed without changing normal operational procedures. A new method of determining the critical minimum flow rate in the anode exhaust stream was given by an anode mass balance. This type of operation makes dual use of membranes in the MEAs as both gas purifiers and as solid electrolytes. The PEM stack was successfully operated with up to ca. 7% nitrogen or carbon dioxide in the absence of a palladium-based hydrogen separator at ca. 200 W power level. Nitrogen in the anode stream was concentrated from 7.5% to 91.6%. The system maintained a fuel efficiency of 99% at a manual purge rate of 2.22 ml s?1 and no auto purge. The fuel cell stack efficiency was 64% and the stack output efficiency was 75%. The overall system efficiency was 39%. After troublesome CO and H2S poisons were removed, a hydrocarbon reformate containing high levels of CO2 and H2O was further used in the Nexa? stack. The size and complexity of the fuel processing system may be reduced at a specified power level by using this operational method. |
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