加拿大雨水管理保障措施与典型城市雨水排放费制度研究

为保证我国城市雨水管理工作高效健康地进行和推动雨水排放费制度在我国施行,通过对加拿大雨水管理保障措施和雨水排放费实施进展进行调研,得出了加拿大采用的组织保障、法律保障、技术保障、经费保障、激励机制保障和公众参与保障等六个方面的雨水管理保障措施,以及目前加拿大所采用的统一费率制度、分类费率制度、不透水面积统一费率制度、住宅等效单元费率制度、径流系数与开发强度费率制度和独立住宅等效单元费率制度等六种主要雨水收费制度类型。对米西索加等典型城市雨水排放费的收费方式以及不同用地性质和建筑类型的收费方法进行了分析,并分析了不同类型的雨水排放费的补贴方法。在对加拿大典型城市雨水排放费和补贴制度实行效果分析的基础上,结合我国雨水管理工作实际情况,建议我国加强雨水排放费与补贴制度的计算方法与制度设计的研究工作,做好宣传与公众教育工作,并在部分海绵城市建设试点城市开展雨水排放费与补贴制度的试点探索工作。

Study on stormwater management guarantee measures and stormwater charge system of typical cities in Canada

For ensuring the efficient and healthy implementation of the stormwater management and promoting the implementation of stormwater charge in China，the progresses of stormwater guarantee measures and stormwater charge used in Canada were investigated. Six aspects of stormwater guarantee measures used in Canada were introduced，including organizational guarantee measure，legal guarantee measure，technical guarantee measure，funding guarantee measure，incentive mechanism guarantee measure and public participation guarantee measure. And the six types of stormwater user fee systems were summarized，including flat rate，tiered flat rate，impervious area，equivalent residential unit，intensity factor and runoff coefficien and single family residential unit. The methods of stormwater charge in typical municipalities such as Mississauga including the method of charging and the associated subsidy methods of stormwater charge for different land use and building types were further analyzed. Based on the analysis of the effects of the stormwater charge and subsidy system in typical Canadian cities and the actual situation of stormwater management in China，it is recommended to strengthen research on the calculation methods and system design of stormwater charge and subsidy system，and work well in publicity and public education. Carrying out pilot exploration work on stormwater charge and subsidy system in some pilot city of sponge city as well.