淮南潘谢矿区土地与水域演变趋势及治理对策

淮南潘谢矿区为高潜水位煤层群开采条件，随着煤炭大规模开发，引起地表大范围的沉陷导致生态环境发生严重变化，在现状调查的基础上，结合矿区生产规划，应用开采沉陷预测技术、地理信息及遥感技术，对淮南矿区土地、水域演变趋势进行研究并提出治理对策。分析结果表明沉陷区土地面积占比整体快速下降，而水体面积占比快速上升，到煤炭资源采毕后，淮南潘谢矿区范围内（不包括留设煤柱保护的建筑用地）积水面积相当于100个西湖，达597.6km2；蓄水容积相当于3个太湖，达143.6亿m3；生态系统结构由陆生生态系统转变为水陆复合生态系统。鉴此提出一套湿地生态系统重构、生态农业构建等多种治理模式相结合的复垦和生态修复体系，充分利用沉陷区并改善生态环境；结合沉陷积水区、天然湖泊洼地及水系相通的条件，将沉陷区开发为蓄水工程，为国家“引江济淮”服务，改善区域水资源短缺现状。

Evolvement trend of land and water systems in Huainan Panxie mining area and its countermeasures

Panxie Mining Area with high groundwater level is coal seam group mining, with the large amount exploitation of coal underground, land subsidence caused variation of ecological environment. This study based on investigations and combined with production planning of mining area, adopted mining subsidence area forecast technology and Geospatial Information Systems and Remote Sensing technology. Analyzed the evolvement trend of land and water systems in Huainan mining area and propose countermeasures. Results showed the area radio of subsidence zone decreased rapidly and the area radio of water body increased rapidly. Water area of Panxie mining area (not included building land for protecting coal pillar) is equal to 100 West Lake, up to 597.6km2; and water storage capacity is equal to 3 Tai Lake after mining processes, up to 143.6 billion cubic meters; The ecosystem structure was changed from terrestrial ecosystem to water and land compound ecosystem. In view of this proposed a reclamation and ecological rehabilitation system, which was combined with reconstruction of wetland ecosystem, construction of ecological agriculture and other governance model, full use of the subsidence area and improve the ecological environment; The subsidence area is developed into a water storage project combined with the conditions of subsidence water area, natural lake and water system, to improve the situation of regional water resources shortage.