电弧超声技术在焊接工艺中的应用研究

对电弧超声技术的应用情况进行了综述，分析了电弧超声对焊接接头宏观形貌、焊缝及热影响区金相组织及力学性能的影响规律。分析表明，在电弧超声作用下，显著增强了焊接熔池搅拌作用、加快了焊接热传导，随着激励频率的增加，熔深基本不变，熔宽增大，粗晶区宽度减小，细晶区宽度增大；焊缝、熔合区、粗晶区、细晶区金相组织均明显细化，焊缝区的组织分布更趋均匀化；降低了焊接接头对热输入的敏感性，并使焊接接头在较高的焊接热输入水平下仍能具有良好的冲击韧性，尤其可显著提高焊接接头的低温冲击韧性；能够改善焊缝及其周围区域的残余应力分布，使其分布均匀，变化幅度减小。

Application Research of Arc Ultrasonic Technology in the Welding Process

The application situation of the arc ultrasonic technology was reviewed. And the influence rules of arc ultrasonic technology on the macrostructure of welded joint, metallurgical structure and mechanical properties of weld & HAZ were summarized and analyzed in this article. The analysis showed that under the effect of the arc ultrasonic technology, the shaking down effect of the molten welding pool is enhanced apparently and the welding heat conduction is accelerated. With the increase of the excitation frequency, the fusion penetration basically remains unchanged, the fusion width is enlarged, the coarse grain zone is narrowed, and the fine grain zone is widened; Meanwhile, the metallurgical structures of the weld, fusion area, coarse grain zone and fine grain zone are all refined obviously, and the microstructure of the weld metal tends to be more homogenized, which reduces the susceptivity of the weld joint to heat input, and ensure a favorable impact toughness (especially the impact toughness at low temperatures) of the weld joint even at a higher welding heat input level; it can also improve the distribution of residual stress in the weld and the area surrounding it and facilitate a much lower fluctuation in stress.