政治效率、经济效率与农村土地产权制度变迁

土地制度改革是我国农村经济体制改革的核心内容，也是“三农”问题的重点。在梳理新中国建立后农村土地产权制度变迁轨迹的基础上，分析了三次主要的农村土地产权制度变迁的动因，即为什么会发生从封建地主土地私有制到建国初的农民土地私有制，到人民公社时期的土地集体所有制，再到家庭承包责任制的变迁，并从制度变迁的政治效率和经济效率角度来评价每次变迁的绩效。每次变迁后的初期都因政治效率和经济效率基本实现了一致性而保持相对稳定的均衡，但变迁后一段时期又会因政治效率与经济效率的不一致而走向制度失衡，从而产生新的一次变迁。

Political effectiveness, economic efficiency and rural land ownership system

The land system reform is the core content of rural economic system reform in China, but also the focus of ＂agriculture, rural areas, and farmers＂ issues. Based on the changes of new China rural land owner-ship system, the three major transition motivations of rural land property rights system are discussed, that is, why does it happen from the feudal landlords and private ownership of land to the founding of early farmers pri- vate ownership of land in early years of China, to the collective ownership of land of the people＇ s commune period, and finally to the household contract responsibility system, and the political and economic efficiency is evaluated from the perspective of institutional change of each stage. In the early days after each stage, rela-tively stable equilibrium remained for political and economic efficiency reaches the basic consistency, but after a period of time due to inconsistence of political and economic efficiency of the system, thus resulting in a new change.