中国耕地细碎化的理论解析与研究框架

基于演绎推理法和文献研究法,探索耕地细碎化的概念、过程、机制和效应,并构建耕地细碎化研究框架,为耕地细碎化研究提供理论指导。结果表明:①耕地细碎化是耕地在自然-人为双重因素驱动下,耕地地块在形态上不断分割、变小,耕地产权在主体上不断细分、多元的过程,并分别表现为相互关联又有所区别的耕地景观细碎化和耕地权属细碎化; ②耕地细碎化研究应遵循“诊断-机制-效应-治理”的理论框架,耕地细碎化诊断需从形态和权属两方面构建评价指标体系,形成机制可从自然切割力、利用切割力、设施切割力和管理切割力4个方面揭示不同因素的作用机制,效应需揭示不同尺度下耕地细碎化形态和产权的趋势性转折对经济、社会和生态的影响,治理研究应按照“问题识别治理潜力治理路径保障措施”的逻辑顺序构建。

Theoretical Explanation and Research Framework of Cultivated-land Fragmentation in China

Based on the methods of deductive reasoning and literature research, the concept, process, mechanism and effect of cultivated-land fragmentation were explored, and the method of the research framework of cultivated-land fragmentation was constructed, which provide a theoretical guidance for the research of cultivated-land fragmentation. The results show that: ① Cultivated-land fragmentation is a process, in which cultivated-land is continuously divided and reduced in form, and cultivated-land property rights are continuously subdivided and diversified in the main body under the dual factors of natural and man-made factors. In addition, the fragmentations of cultivated-land landscape and cultivated-land ownership are interrelated but different respectively. ② The research on cultivated-land fragmentation should follow the theoretical framework of “diagnosis-mechanism-effect-governance”. The diagnosis of cultivated-land fragmentation needs to construct an evaluation index system from two aspects, including configuration and ownership. The formation mechanism of different factors can be revealed from four aspects, which are natural cutting force, utilization cutting force, facility cutting force and management cutting force. The effect needs to reveal the impact of fragmentation forms and trend transitions of property rights on the economy, society and ecology at different scales. The governance research should be constructed in the logical sequence of “problem identificationgovernance potentialgovernance pathsafeguard measures”.