新疆塔城地区乳源酵母菌的分离、鉴定及其抗胁迫特性

为收集、保护和发掘西部牧区传统发酵乳制品中酵母菌资源,从新疆塔城地区牧区共采集8份牧民自制乳制品样品。采用细胞形态学、生理生化特性鉴定、5.8S rDNA序列同源性比对相结合的方法,对酵母菌进行了分离、纯化和鉴定,并考察了其耐高温、耐渗透压、耐乙醇等能力。结果表明,共分离出16株库德毕赤酵母菌(Pichia kudriavzevii)、6株戴尔有孢圆酵母(Torulaspora delbrueckii)、4株美极梅奇酵母菌(Metschnikowia pulcherrima)、2株马克思克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)、2株酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、2株胶红酵母(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)、2株乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)。库德毕赤酵母菌A2-1能够耐受42℃高温、2.4%高盐胁迫、50 g/100 g高糖胁迫以及12%酒精胁迫;马克思克鲁维酵母菌A2-13能够耐受42℃高温、2.4%高盐胁迫、50 g/100 g高糖胁迫以及16%酒精胁迫。可见,两株菌均能适应于工业开发需求。

Isolation and Identification of Yeast and Its Resistance to Stress of Xinjiang Tacheng Area Dairy Products

In order to collect,protect and exploit the yeast resources of traditional fermented dairy products in western pastoral areas,a total of eight samples of pastoral homemade dairy products were collected from the pastoral areas of Tacheng,Xinjiang. Yeast was isolated, purified and identified using the method of cell morphology,physiological and biochemical characterization and 5.8S rDNA sequence homology comparison,and its resistance to high temperature,osmotic pressure and ethanol was investigated. Results showed that,16 strains of Pichia kudriavzevii,6 strains of Torulaspora delbrueckii,4 strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima,2 strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus,2 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,2 strains of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa,2 strains of Kluyveromyces lactis were isolated. Pichia kudriavzevii A2-1 was able to tolerate 42℃ high temperature,2.4% high salt stress,50 g/100 g high glucose stress and 12% alcohol stress;Kluyveromyces marxianus A2-13 was able to tolerate 42℃ high temperature,2.4% high salt stress,50 g/100 g high glucose stress and 16% alcohol stress;and both strains were able to adapt to the needs of industrial development.