防治大棚土壤盐碱化的水管理方案

针对大棚土壤盐碱化问题,在田间试验的基础上,应用水管理软件DRAINMOD模拟各种大棚农田水管理措施下土壤含盐量的变化过程。模拟结果表明:夏季揭棚,对于控制土壤盐碱化具有明显的效果;无排水措施时,即使在夏季揭棚让雨水淋洗,长期种植也导致土壤积盐过多,不适应蔬菜生长;对于0～40 cm表层土壤,控制排水的盐分淋洗效果好于自由排水,但对于40cm以下的土壤,自由排水的盐分淋洗效果要好于控制排水;在不揭棚时节,适当加大灌溉量有一定洗盐效果;在高温多雨时节揭棚,采用控制排水和常规灌溉量,是比较好的大棚水管理方案。

Water management schemes for controlling and treating soil salinization of greenhouses

As for the soil salinization in greenhouses,the water management software DRAINMOD is used to simulate the variation of salt content in soil under different water management scenarios based on the farmland experiments.The simulated results show that the greenhouse covered without plastic sheeting in summer is an effective way to control soil salinization.When there are no drainage measures,even if the greenhouse covered without plastic sheeting is irrigated by rainwater,long-term planting will lead to high salt content in the soil and is unfavorable to the growth of vegetables.To control the salt in the upper soil layer(0-40 cm below surface),the controlled drainage is more effective than the conventional drainage.But for the soil layer below 40 cm,the conventional drainage is better than the controlled drainage.When the greenhouse is covered with plastic sheeting,more irrigation water is effective for controlling the soil salinization.To adopt the controlled drainage and routine irrigation is the satisfactory water management scheme for the greenhouses covered without plastic sheeting in high-temperature and rainy season.