Oxidation of ultrahigh temperature ceramics: kinetics,mechanisms, and applications |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China;3. Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District 100081, Beijing, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;2. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Shanghai 200050, China;3. Structural Ceramics and Composites Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;4. School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;5. National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia;1. State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China;2. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China;3. Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04353, Ko?ice, Slovak Republic;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Materials capable of oxidizing in a protective manner at ultrahigh (>1700 °C) temperatures are needed to push beyond this barrier defined by SiC. Although possessing attractive mechanical properties and oxidation resistance, SiC-based materials are ultimately temperature limited by the melting point of SiO2. The vast array of ultra-high and high temperature ceramic literature indicates the majority of these materials, like borides, carbides, MAX-phases, and high-entropy ceramics, fall woefully short regarding oxidation resistance. However, for specific applications, like low-orbit aeropropulsion, high ballistics coefficient atmospheric re-entry, and hypersonic cruise, there are a few promising materials. In the present review, oxidation criteria are gathered to build application specific heuristics and are then applied to a multitude of ultra-high temperature ceramics to gauge material efficacy. Discussion of oxidation kinetics, mechanisms and reaction products is offered for each material, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and the remaining gaps in our knowledge. |
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| Keywords: | Ultrahigh temperature ceramics Oxidation SiC Carbides Borides |
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