刀具表面微织构激光加工方法研究与分析

在刀具的表面加工微织构,可显著提升刀具的切削性能,大幅提高刀具耐用度并延长刀具的使用寿命。本文利用脉冲激光在硬质合金(WC-Co,YG8)刀具的表面加工微织构,重点对激光功率、频率、脉冲个数和光斑直径对微坑织构的尺寸、形貌以及激光加工中产生微裂纹的影响进行了系列试验研究。采用波长λ=1064nm、激光功率W=90W、频率f=20Hz、脉冲个数n=20、光斑直径d=500μm的激光参数,在硬质合金刀片300℃预热处理后,用带有4个档位的超声振动辅助手段在刀具表面加工微坑织构。并选用原始激光加工后的硬质合金片和热处理超声振动辅助激光加工后的硬质合金刀片进行比较,试验结果表明,当刀具采用预热处理后,辅以超声振动进行激光加工的方法对控制刀具表面织构尺寸精度、刀具表面形貌的均一稳定和抑制表面微裂纹的产生具有重要意义。

Study and Analysis of Microtexture Laser Machining in Tool Surface

The cutting performance of the cutter can be significantly improved by machining the microtexture in the surface of the cutter,which greatly improves the tool durability and lengthens the service life of the cutter.By using pulsed laser in cemented carbide (WC-Co,YGS)tool surface to process the microtexture,the effect of the laser power,frequency, pulse number and spot diameter on crater texture size,morphology and the micro cracks in the laser processing are studied by experiments.With laser parameter wave length A=1064nm,laser power W=90W,frequency f=20Hz,pulse number n=20,spot diameter d=500μm,and after the carbide insert preheat treatment at 300%,and with four gear means of ultrasonic aided vibration,the crater texture in the tool surface is processed.And the inserts,machined by the original laser and by the laser after preheat treatment and ultrasonic aided vibration are compared.The experimental results show that the method of preheat treatment and ultrasonic aided vibration is of great significance to control the texture accuracy and the morphology uniformity,and to inhibit the generation of micro cracks in the tool surface.