船用蒸汽蓄热器非平衡热力过程

船用蒸汽蓄热器作为舰船上弹射装置的重要组成部分，具有充、放汽时间短，短时间内蒸汽消耗量大等特点，其运行特性直接关系到弹射装置能否安全、稳定运行。建立了船用蒸汽蓄热器实验系统，以过热蒸汽作为充汽汽源，进行不同工况下的充汽、放汽及连续充放汽实验。实验结果表明：蓄热器充汽(放汽)过程中，其压力呈现先急剧上升(下降)后随充汽(放汽)阀门关闭下降(上升)，最终趋于稳定的强烈的非平衡热力过程；由非平衡热力过程导致的压降比随单位时间内充入蓄热器能量的提升而加大；蓄热器内温度变化滞后于压力变化，水温变化滞后于汽温变化。蓄热器非平衡热力过程研究可为蒸汽弹射系统的安全运行提供一定的技术支撑。

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics process of marine steam accumulator

As an important part of the steam catapult of the warship, the marine steam accumulator has the characteristics like short charging and discharging time, large instantaneous steam consuming. Its operating performance determines directly the safety and stabilization of the steam catapult. The experimental system of the marine steam accumulator was established. The experiments of charging, discharging, continuous charging and discharging were carried out under different conditions with the superheated steam as the steam source. The experimental results showed that a strong non-equilibrium thermodynamic process was exhibited that the pressure first rose (dropped) sharply and then dropped (rose) with close of the charging (discharging) valve and finally turned to stable during the period of charging (discharging) steam. The pressure drop ratio caused by non-equilibrium thermodynamic process increased along with increase of the charging energy per unit time. The change of the steam accumulator temperature was later than that of the pressure, the change of the water temperature was later than that of the steam. The research on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics process of marine steam accumulator will provide technical support for operation of the steam catapult.