中外乳及乳制品法规与主要检测指标的比较分析

乳制品质量与安全是一个全球性的重要问题。许多国家纷纷采取立法、行政、司法以及提高检验技术等多种措施，以提高乳及乳制品的质量与安全。近年来，我国进口乳及乳制品的种类和数量与日俱增，但由于国内外法规与标准检测指标差异，导致进口乳制品“安全风险难以发现”、出口乳制品“遭受贸易技术壁垒”事件频发。为维护我国进出口乳制品企业和消费者合法权益，保障乳制品质量安全，亟需明确国内外乳制品法规与标准在检测指标方面的差异，提升检测方法的针对性和准确度。本文对我国乳制品的标准现状、我国与主要贸易国在乳制品质量与安全方面主要检测指标的差异进行了比较分析，指出了中外乳制品法规、检测指标和限量值的不同，并对我国乳制品法规、检测指标及限量值等标准的改进给出了建议，以期为我国全面科学地优化进出口乳及乳制品法规提供参考。

Comparative Analysis of Regulations and Standards for Milk and Dairy Products in China and Abroad with Respect to Main Quality Indices

The quality and safety of dairy products are an important global issue. Many countries have taken various measures including legislation, administration, justice and improving the inspection technology to improve the quality and safety of dairy products. The type and the number of dairy products imported to China have increased steadily recently. However, the differences between the domestic and international dairy products regulations and standards have made it difficult to find out the safety risks of imported dairy products and have frequently caused dairy products exported from China to suffer technical trade barriers. In order to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of Chinese dairy product importers and exporters as well as consumers and to ensure the quality and safety of dairy products, it is urgent to understand the differences between the domestic and international dairy products regulations and standards and improve the pertinence and accuracy of detection methods. This article summarizes the current status of China’s standards for dairy products, compares the differences between them and those in its major trading partners in terms of the main indicators of quality and safety, and points out the differences between China and its major trading countries in terms of regulations and detection limits. Finally, suggestions are provided for the improvement of China’s dairy products regulations and testing method standards.