Wild juvenile salmonid abundance in Wisconsin tributaries indicates limited contributions to Lake Michigan fisheries |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 800 Reserve Street, Stevens Point, WI 54481, United States;2. University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 800 Reserve Street, Stevens Point, WI 54481, United States;3. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 110 South Neenah Ave, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, United States;4. U. S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 800 Reserve Street, Stevens Point, WI 54481, United States;1. Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 701 North Point Drive, Winthrop Harbor, IL 60096, USA;2. Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA;3. Department of Geography and the Environment, Suite G67, Mendel Science Center, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA;1. Department of Environmental Science, Penn State Erie – The Behrend College, Erie, PA 16563, USA;2. Dutton e-Education Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;1. Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Road, 230 Research Center, Columbus, OH 43212 USA;2. Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Road, 230 Research Center, Columbus, OH 43212 USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA;1. Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada;2. Department of Geosciences, Indiana University Northwest, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408, United States;3. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Hope College, 35 East 12th Street, Holland, MI 49423, United States;1. University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, WI 54311, USA;2. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries Management, 110 S Neenah Ave., Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, USA;3. Central Michigan University, Department of Biology, Brooks Hall 184, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA;1. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Michigan State University CESU, U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;3. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 30446, Lansing, MI 48909, USA |
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| Abstract: | Natural reproduction of salmonids occurs in many Lake Michigan tributaries, yet little is known about abundance and the potential contribution of wild fish hatching in Wisconsin tributaries. The objectives of our study were to determine if: 1) abundance of wild juvenile salmonids (primarily adfluvial rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, referred to as steelhead) varied among selected Wisconsin streams based on available spawning and age-0 habitat; 2) stream temperature regimes could limit survival of juvenile salmonids, and 3) wild juvenile salmonids outmigrate from Wisconsin tributaries into Lake Michigan or larger tributaries. In 2016 and 2017, juvenile salmonid abundance was estimated in six Wisconsin tributaries to Lake Michigan by multiple-pass depletion sampling using backpack electrofishing. Habitat assessments included steelhead redd surveys, age-0 habitat surveys, and stream temperatures were monitored using in-stream loggers. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging and PIT antennas were used to detect outmigration from three streams (Willow, Stony and Hibbard creeks). Population estimates for individual streams ranged from 75 to 2276 for juvenile steelhead and from 0 to 243 for juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. No correlation was detected between juvenile steelhead abundance and quality age-0 habitat. Stream temperatures rarely exceeded the thermal limit for steelhead (27 °C). Outmigration rates for three streams ranged from 0.6% to 3.1%, but these estimates were considered minimum values. Low abundance of wild juvenile steelhead and coho salmon alone suggest that the contributions of these tributaries to Lake Michigan fisheries are likely small. Furthermore, relying on returns of wild steelhead produced in these streams is probably insufficient to maintain stream fisheries. |
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| Keywords: | Lake Michigan Rainbow trout Steelhead Salmon Great Lakes |
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