Porous NiFe alloys synthesized via freeze casting as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction

Binder-free NiFe-based electrocatalyst with aligned pore channels has been prepared by freeze casting and served as a bifunctional catalytic electrode for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction (OER and HER). The synergistic effects between Ni and Fe result in the high electrocatalytic performance of porous NiFe electrodes. In 1.0 M KOH, porous Ni₇Fe₃ attains 100 mA cm^?2 at an overpotential of 388 mV with a Tafel slope of 35.8 mV dec^?1 for OER, and porous Ni₉Fe₁ exhibits a low overpotential of 347 mV at 100 mA cm^?2 with a Tafel slope of 121.0 mV dec^?1 for HER. The Ni₉Fe₁//Ni₉Fe₁ requires a low cell voltage of 1.69 V to deliver 10 mA cm^?2 current density for overall water splitting. The excellent durability at a high current density of porous NiFe electrodes has been confirmed during OER, HER and overall water splitting. The fine electrocatalytic performances of the porous NiFe-based electrodes owing to the three-dimensionally well-connected scaffolds, aligned pore channels, and bimetallic synergy, offering excellent charge/ion transfer efficiency and sizeable active surface area. Freeze casting can be applied to design and synthesize various three-dimensionally porous non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts with controllable multiphase for energy conversion and storage.