图符一致性对识别效率及可靠性的影响

针对已有研究对图符一致性的影响考虑还不充分的不足，采用被试内实验设计，研究了人机界面图符一致性对识别效率及可靠性的影响。实验共分五组：实验一建立图符形状与指代功能之间的联系（建立用户心理模型）；实验二考察图符外观/形状一致性的影响；实验三考察功能按键位置一致性的影响；实验四和实验五考察图符外观/形状与功能/语义匹配一致性的影响。五组实验的错误率差异的卡方检验结果为：实验四＞实验五=实验三=实验二=实验一；反应时差异的单因素方差分析结果为：实验五=实验四＞实验三=实验二=实验一。结论：外观/形式与功能/语义的“匹配/对应”是界面一致性的核心。相似图符形状指代原有功能时，识别存在学习的正迁移；图符外观一致而指代的功能不一致或反之（新图符指代原有功能）时，识别则会由于心理模型冲突而造成学习的负迁移，表现为识别效率和可靠性的降低。

Effect of icons consistency on its recognition efficiency and reliability

The existing researches do not consider the effect of icon consistency adequately. Aiming at this problem, the within-subject experimental design is adopted to study the effect of icons consistency on its recognition efficiency and reliability. It contains five experiments. Experiment 1 establishes the relationship between icon forms and the represented functions (to establish user’s mental model); experiment 2 investigates the effect of consistency of icons appearance/form; experiment 3 investigates the effect of consistency of function key position; experiment 4 and experiment 5 investigates the effect of consistency of matching of icon appearance/form and function/semanteme. The results of Chi Square test on error rate differences among five experiments are “experiment 4＞experiment 5=experiment 3=experiment 2=experiment 1”; one way ANOVA (analysis of variance) results on reaction time differences are “experiment 5=experiment 4＞experiment 3=experiment 2=experiment 1”. Conclusion: The matching of appearance/form and function/semanteme is the core of interface consistency. Positive transfer of learning exists in recognition of similar icons appearance/form with represented original function/semanteme; for consistent icons appearance/form with inconsistent or converse represented function/semanteme, it results in negative transfer of learning due to conflict of mental model, which shows as the reduction of recognition efficiency and reliability.