醇类选择性催化氧化的研究进展

醇类选择性氧化制备相应羰基（醛或酮）化合物是有机合成中的重要反应。综述醇类选择性催化氧化的研究现状，主要有液均相氧化、液多相氧化和水/有机两相催化氧化，对所用催化剂发展状况和反应机理分别进行阐述。均相催化氧化催化剂难于从反应体系分离，造成成本过高，而且污染环境。大部分多相催化剂来自均相催化剂的负载，活性中心分布不均匀，结构不明确，存在活性组分易从载体上脱落和流失的现象，导致催化剂活性下降。以水作溶剂，不仅清洁无污染，且产物和催化剂容易分离，催化剂可以循环使用，从经济和环保角度值得大力推广，但该体系价格昂贵，反应条件不够温和，还需进一步改进。因此，多相催化氧化和水/有机两相催化氧化相对于均相催化剂有更广阔的发展和应用空间，是今后的研究方向。

Research progress in selective catalytic aerobic oxidation of alcohols

Catalytic aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds (aldehyde or ketone) has been the important reaction in organic synthesis.The current research status of selective catalytic aerobic oxidation of alcohols was reviewed,mainly including liquid-phase homogeneous oxidation, liquid multiphase oxidation and water/organic biphase catalytic oxidation.The development status of the catalysts and the oxidation mechanism of alcohols were expounded.Homogeneous catalytic oxidation catalyst was difficult to separation from the reaction system,resulting in high cost and environmental pollution.Most of heterogeneous catalysts were obtained by loading active components on homogeneous catalysts and had the disadvantages of uneven distribution of active centres and indeterminate structure.Active components were easy to fall off from the supports and lost,which resulted in the decrease of catalyst activity.Using water as the solvent,the process had the advantages of clean,non-pollution,easy separation of the catalyst from the product .The catalyst could be repeated used.However,the process possessed the disadvantages of high cost and not mild reaction condition.The process need to be improved.Heterogeneous catalysis and water/organic biphase catalytic oxidation have much broader space for development and application.