制冷机型式对制冷剂替代的影响

讨论了不同类型制冷机的工作原理、应用场合、优缺点、传统工质、常用替代工质以及选择替代制冷剂时需要考虑因素的侧重点。研究表明:开启式制冷机应着重考虑替代制冷剂的安全性能;而封闭式制冷机应重点考虑替代制冷剂与材料的相容性以及替代制冷剂与润滑油的互溶性;对于活塞式制冷机而言,单位容积制冷量、单位容积耗功量、性能系数和化学稳定性是替代时应着重考虑的因素;对于螺杆式制冷机而言,替代制冷剂的单位容积制冷量、单位容积耗功量、性能系数和安全性能是主要因素;而对于离心式制冷机而言,替代制冷剂的分子质量、粘度、汽化潜热以及变工况性能则是主要因素。

Influence of Refrigerator Type on Refrigerant Alternatives

The operating principles,application situations,merits and faults,tradition working substances,commonly used alternative refrigerants and the principal factors in selecting suitable alternative refrigerants are discussed from the viewpoint of compressor types.The research results indicate that for open type refrigerators,the safety performances should be emphasized,while for hermetic type,the intersolubility between alternative refrigerants and lubricant,consistency between alternative refrigerants and materials should be considered primarily.For piston ones,volumetric refrigeration capacities,volumetric compressor power consumption,coefficient of performance and chemical stability are key factors.For screw ones,volumetric refrigeration capacities,volumetric compressor power consumption,coefficient of performance and the safety performances are all chief factors.For centrifugal ones,the molecular weight,viscosity,latent heat of vaporization and cycle performances under different working conditions are leading factors.