天地往返运输器气动力和气动热工程计算方法研究

提出了高超声速面元法和热平衡参考温度法，给出了物体表面压强系数在不同情况下的计算公式，应用该方法对美国研制的天地往返运输器（X－33）进行了气动力和气动和加热特性计算，结果与试验数据吻合良好，证明该方法简捷、计算工作量小，可供有关航天器设计参考。

On Approximately Predicting Aerodynamic Forces on and Heating of Fully-Reusable Launch Vehicle

In the absence of information on engineering computing methods concerning RLV (fully-reusable launch vehicle) in the open literature, we have to develop such method in China. In section 1, we present an engineering method for calculating hypersonic aerodynamic properties; particularly in subsections 1.4 and 1.5, we present formulas for approximately calculating pressure coefficients and aerodynamic coefficients respectively. In section 2, we present an engineering method for calculating aerodynamic heating. We take the U.S. X-33 as numerical example, and Fig.1 shows the computation grid that we use. Fig. 2 shows drag coefficients computed for X-33, M∞ being taken as 5.0 so that calculated results can be compared with test data given by Sager［5］. Fig. 3 shows the lift coefficients for X-33. Fig. 4 shows the temperature distribution along centerline of windward side of X-33. The computed results are in fairly good agreement with the test data given by Sager［5］.