Age-related macular degeneration

A general overview of age-related macular degeneration, including its definition, classification, and epidemiology, is followed by specifically described clinical findings of this disorder. Included are the differential diagnosis, histopathology, prevalence, risk factors, and natural history of each individual form. Also presented are the issues of optometric management, including clinical recognition of choroidal neovascularization, timely referral for retinal consultation and angiography, preventive therapies, current and emerging trends in the medical and surgical treatment, and appropriate follow-up.