基于水质模拟的水质在线监测站点布设研究

随着水质监测连续化的需求增加，河流水质在线监测站布设成为不可忽视的问题。本文采用水文模拟模型HSPF对台湾淡水河流域进行水量水质联合模拟。水文模拟以9个测站比对，纳什效率系数多数大于0.7；相关系数r皆大于0.7。水质模拟以27个测站比对，生化需氧量、氨氮、悬浮固体、溶氧的修正平均百分误差多数小于25%。基于水质变化率和水质超标率提出水质敏感河段概念，并以此确定为补充布设水质在线监测站点的优先河段。研究指出，淡水河流域水质在线监测站目前仍缺乏且位置不尽合理，应优先补充三峡河的三峡大桥、景美溪的宝桥、基隆河的江北桥水质在线监测站。

Simulation-based evaluation on layout of online water quality monitoring stations

With the increasing demand for continuous water quality monitoring, the layout of online water quality monitoring stations becomes a more significant issue. This study uses the Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) model to simulate the quantity and quality of water in the Tamsui River basin, Taiwan. Of the nine hydrological stations compared, most have a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient greater than 0.7, and all have a correlation coefficient greater than 0.7. At most of the 27 water quality stations compared, the symmetric mean absolute percentage errors are below 25% for the simulations of biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, suspended solid, and dissolved oxygen. Based on the change rate and substandard rate of water quality, we suggest a concept of water quality-sensitive river section to determine a prior arrangement of the online water quality monitoring locations. We point out the shortage of the existing monitoring locations and recommend to add a new station separately at Sansia Bridge on the Sansia Tributary, Baoqiao Bridge on the Jingmei Tributary, and Jiangpei Bridge on the Keelung Tributary.