石油电磁测井技术发展中的一些关键问题

感应测井在电缆测井中较常用，其探测深度较大且能适用于油基泥浆，因而在石油测井中具有不可替代的地位。电磁波测井在随钻测井中更有效，利用随钻方位电磁波测井技术能够识别岩性界面、分辨仪器旋转方位，已经成为随钻地质导向的关键技术和主要研发方向之一。文中回顾了感应测井和电磁波测井仪器的发展过程，指出了各发展阶段的仪器特点、设计差异和硬件设计制造难点；概括了石油电磁测井响应影响因素，分析了不同环境因素对感应测井和电磁波测井影响的异同，认为相对倾角、井眼环境校正是影响共面或交叉分量应用的主要因素；分析了常用正、反演技术的优势和不足，认为现阶段缺乏适用于复杂地层的快速、可靠的正、反演技术，限制了电磁测井在实时解释和地质导向中的应用；总结了电磁测井数据解释存在的困难和技术升级难点；最后，展望了石油电磁测井技术的发展远景。

Key problems in the development of petroleum electromagnetic logging

Induction logging is commonly used in the wireline logging. It has a large detection depth and can be applied to oil-base mud, which plays an irreplaceable role in the petroleum logging. Electromagnetic wave logging is more effective in logging-while-drilling (LWD), and the azimuth electromagnetic wave logging technology can identify interface and distinguish azimuth, which has become one of the key technologies and main research directions of geosteering while drilling. This paper reviews the development of induction logging and electromagnetic logging instruments and points out the characteristics and design differences in design as well as difficulties in hardware design and manufacture of the instruments in each development stage. This paper summarizes the factors that influence the response of petroleum electromagnetic logging and analyzes the similarities and differences between the effects of environmental factors on the induction logging and electromagnetic logging. It considers the relative dip angle and borehole environmental correction as the main factors that influence the application of coplanar or cross components. According to the advantages and disadvantages of the common forward and inversion technology, it is concluded that the lack of fast and reliable forward and inversion technology in the complex strata restricts the application of electromagnetic logging in real-time interpretation and geo-steering. The difficulties in the electromagnetic logging data interpretation and technical upgrading are summarized. Finally, the development vision of the electromagnetic logging is prospected.