装配式混凝土结构防水技术现状及发展趋势

通过文献调研回顾了装配式混凝土结构的发展现状,总结了装配式混凝土结构常见渗漏部位及其主要渗漏原因,提出了装配式混凝土结构防水体系构成,阐述了装配式混凝土结构防水材料、设计与施工技术现状和发展趋势,指出了其防水存在的瓶颈问题,探讨了基于受力和抗渗防水共同要求的装配式混凝土结构设计方法与趋势。结果表明:装配式混凝土结构防水体系可分为主体结构防水和拼接缝防水两部分,防水材料分为不定型和定型2类,不定型防水材料以密封胶为代表,定型防水材料以密封垫为代表,目前国内外学者对密封材料的力学性能研究较多,对密封材料及配套材料耐久性和长期老化性能方面的研究较少; 防水设计方面,需要进一步考虑地震作用、风荷载、地基不均匀沉降等作用对装配式混凝土结构防水设计的影响; 防水施工方面,装配式混凝土结构拼接缝防水的现场验收检查技术手段落后,亟需推广快速、准确、高效的无损检测方法; 缺少隐蔽工程密封材料的维护及快速更换技术等方面的研究。

Current Status and Development Trend of Prefabricated Structure Waterproof Technology

According to literature research, the development status of prefabricated concrete structure was reviewed, the common leakage parts and main leakage reasons of prefabricated concrete structure were summarized, the composition of waterproof system of prefabricated concrete structure were put forward, the current situation and development trend of waterproof materials, design and construction technology of prefabricated concrete structure were expounded, the bottleneck problems of waterproof were pointed out, and the design method and trend of prefabricated concrete structure based on the common requirements of stress and impermeability were discussed. The results show that the waterproof system of prefabricated concrete structure can be divided into the main structure waterproof and the splicing joint waterproof. The waterproof materials can be divided into non fixed type and fixed type. The non fixed type waterproof material is represented by sealant, and the fixed type waterproof material is represented by gasket. There are many researches on mechanical properties of sealing materials, while few researches on the durability and long-term aging performance of sealing materials and supporting materials. In the aspect of waterproof design, the influence of earthquake, wind load and uneven foundation settlement on the waterproof design of prefabricated concrete structure should be further considered. In terms of waterproof construction, the on-site acceptance inspection technology of prefabricated concrete structure joint waterproof is backward, and it is urgent to promote rapid, accurate and efficient nondestructive testing methods. There is a lack of research on the maintenance and rapid replacement technology of sealing materials for concealed works.