烟草根黑腐病菌生物学特性的研究

烟草根黑腐病菌[Thielaviopsis basicola (Brek and Br) Ferraris]适于在多种自然培养基和合成培养基上生长和产孢,以藕-葡萄糖和V₈培养基最佳,培养基中增加Ca离子有利于菌丝生长和产孢。生长温度范围8-35℃,最佳生长温度24-28℃。此菌在PDA培养基上生长的pH范围3.5-9.5,最适pH5.0-6.5。内生分生孢子在20-30℃最适于萌发。碳、氮营养可促进孢子萌发,其中0.2%葡萄糖溶液最佳。黑暗条件下菌丝的生长和产孢好于光照条件。可有效利用多种碳、氮源,碳源以可溶性淀粉、麦芽糖、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖;氮源以谷氨酸、丙氨酸、天门酰胺利用最佳。其中可溶性淀粉、酒石酸铵、硝酸铵、氨基乙酸、谷氨酸有利于产孢。 

Studies on the Biological Characteristics of Pathogenic Fungus Thielaviopsis Basicola of Tobacco Black Root Rot

Thielaviopsis basicola(Brek and Br.) Ferraris, pathogenic fungus of tobacco black root rot, is adapted for growing and sporulating on many kinds of natural and synthetic medium. Lotus root-glucose medium and V₈ medium are the best for its growing and sporulating among the media tested. Addition of Ca on media promot growth and sporulation of hypha, temperature for the growing of pathogenic fungi is 8-35℃, while optimum growing temperature 24-28℃. With the scope of pH value of pH 3.5-9.5, the optimum one is pH 5.0-6.5 on PDA media, optimum germination temperature of endogenous spore is 20-30℃. Carbon and nitrogen nutrition can promote spore germination, 0.2% dextrose solution is the optimum compound for spore germination. Hgpha grows and sporalates better in dark condition than in light condition. Pathogenic fungi can assimilate many kinds of carbon and nitrogen compounds, Among them soluble starch, maltose, D-fructose, surcrose, and dextrose are the best. Among nitrogen sources L-glutamia, DL-alanine, and DL-asparagine are the best. Meanwhile, soluble starch, ammonium tartrate, ammonium nitrate, and glycine L-glutamic are better for sporulation.