Electrodeposition of chitosan-glucose oxidase biocomposite onto Pt-Pb nanoparticles modified stainless steel needle electrode for amperometric glucose biosensor

A glucose biosensor was fabricated by electrodepositing chitosan (CS)-glucose oxidase(GOD) biocomposite onto the stainless steel needle electrode (SSN electrode) modified by Pt–Pb nanoparticles (Pt–Pb/SSN electrode). Firstly, Pt–Pb nanoparticles were deposited onto the SSN electrode and then CS-GOD biocomposite was co-electrodeposited onto the Pt–Pb/SSN electrode in a mixed solution containing p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), CS and GOD. The electrochemical results showed that the Pt–Pb nanoparticles can accelerate the electron transfer and improve the effective surface area of the SSN electrode. As a result, the detection range of the proposed biosensor was from 0.03 to 9 mM with a current sensitivity of 0.4485 μA/mM and a response time of 15 s. The Michaelis constant value was calculated to be 4.9837 mM. The cell test results indicated that the electrodes have a low cytotoxicity. This work provided a suitable technology for the fabrication of the needle-type glucose biosensor.