Load balancing techniques for lifetime maximizing in wireless sensor networks |
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Authors: | Rahim Kacimi Riadh Dhaou André-Luc Beylot |
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Affiliation: | 1. University of Toulouse, IRIT-UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France;2. University of Toulouse, IRIT-ENSEEIHT, 2 Rue Charles Camichel, 31071 Toulouse, France;1. IT, Multimedia and Telecom Department, Open University of Catalonia, Rambla Poblenou, 156, Office 205, 08018 Barcelona, Spain;2. Telecommunications Technological Centre of Catalonia, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 7, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;1. Orange Labs, 92130 Issy les Moulineaux, France;2. Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia;3. Telecom SudParis, 9 rue C. Fourier, 91011 Evry Cedex, France;4. INRIA, 2004 Route des Lucioles, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France;1. M2M Lab., Department of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. Department of Electronics and Radio Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Computer Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea;1. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA;2. Université de Toulouse, INPT-ENSEEIHT/IRIT, Toulouse, France;3. Université de Lyon, INRIA/INSA-Lyon, CITI, Lyon, France;4. Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China |
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Abstract: | Energy consumption has been the focus of many studies on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). It is well recognized that energy is a strictly limited resource in WSNs. This limitation constrains the operation of the sensor nodes and somehow compromises the long term network performance as well as network activities. Indeed, the purpose of all application scenarios is to have sensor nodes deployed, unattended, for several months or years.This paper presents the lifetime maximization problem in “many-to-one” and “mostly-off” wireless sensor networks. In such network pattern, all sensor nodes generate and send packets to a single sink via multi-hop transmissions. We noticed, in our previous experimental studies, that since the entire sensor data has to be forwarded to a base station via multi-hop routing, the traffic pattern is highly non-uniform, putting a high burden on the sensor nodes close to the base station.In this paper, we propose some strategies that balance the energy consumption of these nodes and ensure maximum network lifetime by balancing the traffic load as equally as possible. First, we formalize the network lifetime maximization problem then we derive an optimal load balancing solution. Subsequently, we propose a heuristic to approximate the optimal solution and we compare both optimal and heuristic solutions with most common strategies such as shortest-path and equiproportional routing. We conclude that through the results of this work, combining load balancing with transmission power control outperforms the traditional routing schemes in terms of network lifetime maximization. |
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Keywords: | Wireless sensor networks Lifetime maximizing Energy saving Load-balancing Transmission power control Performance evaluation |
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