Acute toxicity and behavioral responses of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata) to chlorine in heated sea-water |
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Authors: | Q J Stober P A Dinnel E F Hurlburt D H DiJulio |
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Affiliation: | Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | The acute toxicity and behavioral response to chlorinated and heated sea-water was determined for coho salmon smolts and 1–3 month old shiner perch. LC50's were determined for 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 min exposure times; 13, 16 and 20°C (Δt = 0, 3, 7°C) temperatures and total residual oxidant (TRO) concentrations ranging from 0.077 to 1.035 mg l−1. The mean 60 min LC50 for shiner perch was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) from 308 μg l−1 TRO at 13°C to 230 μg l−1 TRO at 20°C. The 60 min LC50 for coho salmon decreased from 208 μg l−1 TRO at 13°C to 130 μg l−1 at 20°C. The LC50's for coho salmon in chlorinated sea-water averaged 55% of those for shiner perch. The relationship between TRO concentration, exposure time, and percent survival in chlorinated sea-water at 13°C is presented for both species.A significant (P ≤ 0.01) avoidance threshold for coho salmon occurred at 2 μg l−1 TRO and was reinforced with increasing temperature. A significant (P ≤ 0.01) avoidance threshold for shiner perch occurred at 175 μg l−1 TRO, while a significant preference (P ≤ 0.05 or 0.01) response at 16°C and 20°C occurred at 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg l−1 TRO. The ecological implications of the toxicity tests and the behavioral responses are discussed. |
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