生物表面活性剂在油田中的应用

生物表面活性剂和化学表面活性剂一样 ,有亲水基团和疏水基团 ,它是由微生物生长在水不溶的物质中并以它为食物源产生的。在油田中 ,生物表面活性剂是微生物提高采收率的重要机理 ,具有水溶性好、反应产物均一、无毒、安全、驱油效果好等特点。生物表面活性剂有 4种类型 :糖脂类、磷脂类、脂蛋白或缩氨酸脂和聚合物类。大多数生物表面活性剂是糖脂 ,是碳水化合物连接在长链脂肪酸上。目前 ,室内研究主要是研究各种反应条件对微生物产生生物表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂对原油的影响。矿场实验有地面发酵和地下发酵两种形式。从生物表面活性剂的特点、筛选产生生物表面活性剂的菌种、生物表面活性剂的类型、室内研究、矿场实验和今后的发展方向等 6个方面综述了油田中的生物表面活性剂的应用

Application of Biosurfactants in Oilfield

Biosurfactants have hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups as chemical surfactants.They are produced by microorganisms which grow on a water-immiscible substrate.Used in oil field,biosurfactants are the important mechanism of Microbial enhanced oil recovery which are easysoluble mono-production,environmentally friendly and effective in enhanced oil recovery.The four main types of biosurfactants are as following:glycolipids,phospholipids,lipoproteins or lipopeptides and polymeric.The most of biosurfactants are glycolipids which formed by carbohydrates attached to a long-chain aliph acid.Now the lab research works focus on the effect of the environmental parameter on the production of the biosurfanctants and of biosurfactants on character of oil.The character of biosurfactant,isolation of bacteria which can produce biosurfactant and style,development state,field test of biosurfactant and prospect for future were summaried.