cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) resistance in vitro and in vivo in human embryonal carcinoma cells

In the embryonal carcinoma cell line Tera and its 3.7-fold cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP)-resistant subline, Tera-CP, parameters were studied that might have changed in relation to induction of CDDP resistance. Phenotypes of both lines were embryonal carcinoma. Karyotypes were related with a decreased mean number of chromosomes and fewer copies of the short arm of chromosome 12 in Tera-CP. Tera-CP showed cross-resistance for melphalan and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and had an 1.4-fold increased glutathione (GSH) level, a 1.5-fold increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, and a 1.4-fold increased GST pi expression compared to Tera. Tera-CP was cross-resistant to 5-fluorouracil, but thymidylate synthase activity was not increased. Topoisomerase I and II activities and c-myc RNA and protein expression were the same in both lines. Platinum accumulation was equal in both lines, and platinum-DNA binding was lower in Tera-CP than in Tera. Both cell lines were xenografted into nude mice and tumors showed marked differentiation. Tera-CP tumors were 2.8-fold resistant to CDDP compared to Tera tumors. In new cell lines derived from xenografts of Tera and Tera-CP CDDP sensitivity, GST activity and GSH level corresponded with their sensitivity and resistant origin. Tera-CP is a model of in vitro and in vivo CDDP resistance with the GSH/GST detoxifying system as an important mechanism. CDDP resistance could be induced without a concomitant increase in differentiation.