减粘裂化工艺技术及进展(Ⅱ)——减粘裂化工艺进展及发展趋势

介绍了减粘裂化工艺发展的一般过程。最早的减粘裂化工艺为下流式反应塔减粘裂化 ,60年代上流式反应塔减粘裂化的开发推动了减粘裂化工艺的发展。临氢减粘及供氢减粘裂化工艺有效地抑制了生焦反应 ,提高了反应的苛刻度及裂化深度 ,使减粘裂化工艺成了重油改质的重要手段之一。我国减粘裂化工艺虽然起步较晚 ,但在吸收国外先进经验的基础上也得到了迅速的发展 ,我国目前有高桥、广州等十余套减粘裂化装置。延迟减粘裂化以及上流式缓和减粘裂化等工艺的开发都标志着我国减粘裂化工艺技术的进步 ,但我国减粘裂化装置属于常规减粘裂化工艺类型 ,装置的轻油收率低、结焦严重等问题比较突出。还探讨了我国减粘裂化工艺发展的趋势。我国氢源相对匮乏 ,因此发展临氢减粘裂化工艺关键是寻找廉价的氢源。供氢减粘避免了氢气来源的问题 ,但开发出效果好、来源广泛的工业供氢剂成了急待解决的问题。

Visbreaking Technology and Evolement (II)--Visbreaking Technical Evolvement and Developing Trend

General process of visbreaking is introduced in this paper. The most original visbreaking technics is down-flowing column reaction visbreaking. The developing of up-reaching visbreaking in the 1960s promoted the development of visbreaking technology. Hydro-visbreaking and hydrogen donor visbreaking can restrain the forming of coke effectively. They are also able to increase reaction severity and the cracking depth. So visbreaking processing becomes the important upgrading methods for heavy oil. Visbreaking in China lagged behind other countries at the beginning of visbreaking technics, but it is developing quickly because of adsorbing the advanced experience of other country actively. It is delay-visbreaking and up-reaches mild-visbreaking that indicate the progress of visbreaking technology in China, but our visbreaking processing still belongs to conventional visbreaking units, as the light cut rate is low and the unit is apt to form coke. The developing trend of visbreaking technics in China is also discussed in this paper. The source of hydrogen is quite poor, so the key of development of hydro-visbreaking is developing cheap resource of hydrogen. Hydrogen donor visbreaking can avoid the problem of hydrogen resource, but the developing commercial hydrogen donor, with better efficiency and wider origin, has become the problem which needs to resolve anxiously.