国内焊接缺陷声学无损检测研究综述

无损检测是保证焊接构件生产质量及保障其使用安全性的重要技术环节。在众多的无损检测方法中,应用最为广泛的是基于声学的无损检测方法。主要阐述了超声C扫描、超声TOFD、超声相控阵、声发射及其他相关声学技术的技术特点、在国内焊接领域上的工程应用及科学研究。在此基础上,结合实验室的研究经历,简要分析了相关研究方法存在的问题,并指出了技术优势及亟待解决的问题。进而论述了超声C扫描图像识别困难、边界模糊及缺陷面积难以计算、克服检测盲区可拓展超声TOFD法的应用范围,以及排除干扰信号对声发射尤为重要的研究现状。最后展望了基于声学无损检测的未来发展趋势。

Research on NDT Based on Acoustic in Welding Defects Testing in China

Nondestructive testing (NDT) plays an important role in guaranteeing quality and operational security of weld component and structure. Among the nondestructive testing methods, NDT Based on Acoustic is the most widely used in weld defect detection. This paper mainly described technical characteristics, engineering applications and scientific research in domestic welding of ultrasonic C scanning, ultrasonic TOFD, ultrasonic phased array, acoustic emission and other related acoustic technologies. On this basis, in combination with research experience of our laboratory, this paper briefly analyzed the existing problems and pointed out the technological superiority and the urgent problem of relevant methods; and then discussed the fuzzy boundaries and difficulty of image recognition on ultrasonic C scan. Overcoming the detection blind area can expand the application scope of ultrasonic TOFD method. Eliminating interference signal was particularly important for acoustic emission. Finally, the future development trend of acoustic nondestructive testing was forecasted.